高三 Test|敬业中学2022学年第一学期期中考试高三英语
高三英语
2022年11月
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a laundry. B. At a furniture shop. C. At a restaurant. D. At a bus station.
2. A. A hairdresser. B. A waitress. C. A police officer. D. An insurance agent.
3. A. The concert has already been canceled. B. She needs to check first.
C. No ticket is available for next Sunday. D. She is fully occupied next Sunday.
4. A. At 20:25. B. At 22:25. C. At 16:25. D. At 18:25.
5. A. David should invest more in stocks. B. It’s unwise to make such an investment.
C. It’s better for him to take out his savings. D. David has the last say in decision-making.
6. A. To a bank. B. To Macao. C. To a travel agency. D. To a gymnasium.
7. A. The advisor has already approved the man’s class schedule.
B. The man should make an appointment to see his advisor.
C. The advisor must sign the document before leaving.
D. The man should change his course schedule.
8. A. She noticed that the students didn’t do their homework.
B. She didn’t teach any class today.
C. She usually assigns homework.
D. She usually talks quietly.
9. A. His house can accommodate a meeting of the entire committee.
B. The woman should find out when the meeting starts.
C. The meeting should be held at the library.
D. A smaller committee should be formed.
10. A. She needs to decide on a method soon.
B. She doesn’t have time to collect the data.
C. She prefers to wait until after the election.
D. She’ll send out the questionnaire in a month.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Running round the world.
B. Becoming an extraordinary actor.
C. Being selected as a professional runner.
D. Setting off on a 5,000 km run every day.
12. A. He doesn’t have the intention to make friends. B. He doesn’t have enough proper training.
C. He doesn’t have necessary equipment. D. He doesn’t have an assistant.
13. A. Baker could run 60 kilometres a day.
B. Baker was a born long-distance runner.
C. Baker had problems dealing with animals.
D. Baker should think twice before starting to run.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. They represent international significance.
B. They need keep up with air travel growth.
C. They are symbols of a city’s development.
D. They are designed by well-known architects.
15. A. Notice of flights’ delay. B. Luxurious departure halls.
C. Road and rail connections. D. Nearby shopping areas.
16. A. Aircraft are noisier than before.
B. Aircraft are getting larger in size.
C. Aircraft need much space to land and take off.
D. Aircraft need regular examination with engines.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The woman’s career development.
B. The woman’s contributions as an editor.
C. What the woman thinks of being an editor.
D. What has inspired the woman to work for magazines.
18. A. The weekly column she wrote. B. The wishes of her family.
C. The books she read then. D. Her schoolmates and teachers.
19. A. Its owners agreed with her philosophy.
B. It enabled her to realise her own dream.
C. It started to make a profit before she resigned.
D. Its sales volume increased while she was working there.
20. A. She puts her preference before readers’.
B. She prints famous people’s photos on its cover.
C. She draws readers’ attention with serious pieces.
D. She gives its articles a wonderful opening line.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why Do you Think They Call It Junk?
We know that takeaways and highly processed foods are bad for us, but just how bad? I’ve recently been involved in a TV programme, The Junk Food Experiment, in (21)_____ we asked six British celebrities to live on a junk food diet for three weeks. (22)_____ was so disturbing was just how quickly they became sick, to the point where the series doctor told three of the celebrities—Olympic athlete Tess Sanderson, Made in Chelsea star Hugo Taylor and actress Hayley Tammadon—(23)_____ (pull) out.
(24)_____ this documentary involved only a small number of subjects, it did point to a wider truth: junk food has a far more dangerous effect on us than most people imagine.
The most obvious link is obesity (肥胖). We Brits, lovers (25)_____ fast food, are the fattest people in Europe. We put away around 22 million takeaway meals a week, and the number of junk food outlets on our high streets (26)_____ (continue) to increase—up a third since 2010 to more than 52,000—while processed foods such as snacks, desserts or ready-to-eat meals now make up more than half the diet of the average adult in Britain.
In a US study, 20 adults of healthy weight were asked to come into a lab and live for two weeks on processed foods, (27)_____ (follow) by two weeks of healthy, home-cooked meals. The different meals contained roughly the same amounts of fat, sugar, salt and carbs, but volunteers ate 500 more calories a day when eating processed foods than when eating real food. As a result, they put on (28)_____ average of 0.77kg on the processed diet, while they lost 1.08kg on the healthy diet.
Piling on the bad news, in another recent report a team from California’s Loma Linda University reviewed data from over 240,000 telephone surveys, and found that consumption of fried takeaway foods and those (29)_____ (contain) lots of sugar was strongly linked with depression, even when age, education and income (30)_____ (take) into account.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
|
A. appear |
B. faded |
C. immediately |
D. ordinary |
E. overlooked |
F. pairings |
|
G. progressively |
H. signals |
I. translate |
J. underwent |
K. unexpected |
Mixing senses: synaesthesia taught to adults
Brain training for synaesthesia – where you mix up sensory information – may be just around the corner. People have been taught to experience a form of synaesthesia where letters 31 as certain colours, in their everyday life.
By the end of the nine-week course, most of the volunteers were seeing text in the real world take on particular colours, on road signs, for example. “The colour 32 pops into my head as soon as I saw the words on the road sign,” said one participant.
Synaesthesia is thought to result from people’s brains developing in such a way that their sensory 33 get mixed up. So “Tuesday” might evoke(导致) the colour pink, for example, or the word “tree” might taste like popcorn. Early life experiences may play a role – some synaesthetes report that their letter-colour 34 match the colours of a childhood alphabet or fridge magnets. But is it something you can learn as an adult?
Two years ago researchers made some aspects of the condition by getting people to read books where some of the letters were printed in certain colours. This improved their scores on tests but didn’t 35 out of the lab.
What if people 36 more intense training? Daniel Bor at the University of Sussex, UK, gave people daily half-hour training courses to teach them 13 letter-colour associations, using 37 harder tasks. The volunteers also practised with specially coloured e-books. As well as passing the lab tests, 9 of the 14 volunteers reported seeing coloured letters to varying extents when they read 38 black text. Many saw effects by week five, and some had synaesthetic experiences daily. Their power 39 once the training stopped.
The training had a(n) 40 benefit too. The volunteers gained 12 points in IQ tests by the end of training. However, this may be a general benefit of intensive training with memory-related tasks, says Bor, who adds that he may in future put the training tools online.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In The Debunking (揭穿真相) Handbook, a short guide published in 2011, John Cook, at George Mason University, and Stephan Lewandowsky, at the University of Bristol, looked at the world-view backfire effect, the idea that if a correction of a false claim disagrees with your world view, it strengthens the 41 . Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter found this in his Iraq study, but he points out that the effect only appeared in two out of five experiments.
What’s more, although some later studies have seen similar results, many haven’t seen the effect at all. This suggests it is much 42 than Reifler’s work suggested, which he thinks is fantastic news.
But whatever you do, don’t point this out, or turn to 43 (“You’re wrong!”, “You’re ignorant”.). Instead, listen and ask questions that 44 why someone has those opinions (“What makes you think that?”).
The good news is that social events are 45 situations for correcting myths. Assuming there is at least some trust between you, the other person will probably hear you out. And corrections from credible, trusted sources are more 46 . There’s also far more time to discuss the topic 47 than compared with, say, interactions on social media.
The bad news is that even with all this in mind, you are still unlikely to 48 someone, especially if you are challenging their world view. Corrections that are totally different from one’s world view are by-and-large ineffective, especially in conservative people.
So why even 49 ? Firstly, people are much less likely to spread false information if they are held accountable for it, says Reifler. 50 your relatives’ false claims may make them think twice before spreading nonsense on another occasion.
And always 51 the other people in the room. Even if you do not change your Aunt Susan’s mind, you may sow a seed in your nieces’ and nephews’ minds.
Indeed, Cook thinks there is little chance of changing the minds of, say, the 7 per cent of people in the US who are very 52 that global warming isn’t happening at all. Instead, he thinks we should 53 the majority still open to persuasion. His studies show that people are less likely to fall for false arguments if they are warned against them. 54 , forewarn them about the problem of false balance in the media and their views won’t change when they read an article full of false-balance quotes. Those who are not warned become more 55 their judgement.
41. A. association B. offensiveness C. probability D. misconception
42. A. harder B.rarer C. more diverse D. much important
43. A. reactions B.judgements C. forecasts D. reasons
44. A. reveal B. avoid C. define D. link
45. A. frustrating B.excellent C. familiar D. occasional
46. A. widespred B. deliberate C. inevitable D. effective
47. A. in person B. in detail C. on purpose D. on business
48. A. encourage B. impress C. surprise D. convince
49. A. try B. stop C. move D. wait
50. A. Validating B. Investigating C. Questioning D. Understanding
51. A. support B. locate C. interview D. consider
52. A. aware B. happy C. sure D. disappointed
53. A. make up B. look up to C. focus on D. set out on
54. A. For instance B. What’s more C. As a result D. On the contrary
55. A. surprised at B.doubtful of C. curious of D. annoyed at
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you you’re crazy, though some may react quite differently. No two people will give you the same advice. But it is a very personal choice you are making, and only you can take responsibility for yourself and for realising your ambition.
There are no easy ways of getting there—no written examination to pass, and no absolute guarantee that when you have successfully completed your training you will automatically make your way in the profession. It’s a matter of luck plus talent.
I have frequently been asked to define this magical thing called talent, which everyone is looking out for. I believe it is best described as natural skill plus imagination—the latter being the most difficult quality to assess. And it has a lot to do with the person’s courage and their belief in what they are doing and the way they are putting it across.
Where does the desire to act come from? It is often very difficult to put into words your own reasons for wanting to act. Certainly, in the theatre the significant thing is that moment of contact between the actor on the stage and a particular audience. And making this brief contact is central to all acting, wherever it takes place—it is what drives all actors to act.
If you ask actors how they have done well in the profession, the response will most likely be a shrug. They will not know. They will know certain things about themselves and aspects of their own technique and the techniques of others. But they will take nothing for granted, because they know that they are only as good as their current job, and that their fame may not continue.
Disappointment is the greatest enemy of the actor. Last month you may have been out of work, selling clothes or waitressing. Suddenly you are asked to audition (试镜) for a part, but however much you want the job, the truth is that it may be denied you. So actors tend not to talk about their chances. They come up with ways of protecting themselves against the stress of competing for a part and the possibility of rejection.
56. If you decide to take up acting, you may well receive a lot of _____ from your close friends.
A. encouragement B. sympathy
C. jealousy D. objection
57. Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with in terms of acting?
A. Good actors know very well about their secret of success.
B. Talented actors are usually those with a vivid imagination.
C. There should be training and exams to qualify potential actors.
D. Not all actors like the contact with the audience while on the stage.
58. What does the writer imply about disappointment?
A. It is what actors often talk about.
B. Actors should compete to avoid it.
C. Actors should get accustomed to it.
D. It will surely affect actors’ performance.
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. So you want to be an actor
B. Wanting to be an actor? Don’t hesitate
C. Why acting appeals to young people?
D. Acting: riskier than expected
(B)
Time has always been of great interest to scientist…
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Theory 1: According to Caltech cosmologist (宇宙学家) Dr Sean Carroll, the flow of time from past to future may be the symptom of our Universe having emerged from another universe that existed before the Big Bang and then gave birth to our own. Theory 2: In 1967, two American theorists came up with an equation describing the quantum (量子) state of the whole Universe. Known as the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, it includes many key features of the universe, such as its size. But one aspect is absent: time. Some theorists believe this implies that time only exists in our minds. Theory 3: According to theorist Prof Lee Smolin at the Perimeter Institute, Canada, the existence of life in the Universe is the result of the laws of physics evolving to their current state over an unlimited number of previous universes. If true, this means that our very existence is proof that time does exist. Theory 4: In 2009, physicists at the universities of Bristol and Cambridge showed that the passing of time revealed by, say, the cooling of a cup of tea, may be due to quantum effect called ‘entanglement’. This involves the particles (粒子) in the team interacting with their surroundings, being bound together and becoming harder to distinguish from each other—a one-way process that requires the forward progression of time to occur. Theory 5: Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time. Last year, two cosmologists at the Yerevan Physics Institute showed that dark energy leads to the growth of entropy, a measure of disorder, in the Universe. |
60. All the five theories imply that _____.
A. time is flexible B. time is constant
C. time does go forth and back D. time does exist in some way
61. Which theory doesn’t include time?
A. Theory 1. B. Theory 2. C. Theory 3. D. Theory 4.
62. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of dark energy?
A. It leads to the existence of multi-universities.
B. It is what keeps the universe in order.
C. It increases in strength with gravity.
D. It is what makes the universe get bigger.
(C)
Eating out goes a long way back. The Romans had their pubs serving set meals and cook shops called thermopolia selling hot ready-to-eat dishes. In the Middle Ages, inns would provide buffets of cold meats or roasts to serve the many people who didn’t have kitchens. Before the revolution in France, there were plenty of places where you could eat out but fine dining was something enjoyed merely by the aristocracy (贵族) in the comfort of their own homes.
In 18th-century France, while the aristocrats were enjoying food prepared by personal chefs, cold winters and oppressive taxation had left most of the French population unable to afford bread. When the starving masses finally took to the streets of Paris in 1789, commonly known as the French Revolution, the aristocrats fled to the countryside, leaving their chefs and their fine wines behind. Both found their way to the cities’ existing eateries and within a year, a host of new elegant restaurants with extensive menus had been established.
“These restaurants were a microcosm (缩影) of the New France,” says David Gilks, a lecturer in Modern European History at the University of East Anglia. “They were the places where the nouveau riche, who had profited from the revolution, were to be seen. There were still shortages of basic food stuffs in many parts of Paris but in the nicer parts you would see people enjoying fine food in elegant surroundings.”
In the 1760s the merchants of Paris developed a taste for light soups known as “restoratives” or “restaurants”, and dining halls where customers could sit at individual tables and have them began popping up around the city.
The new post-revolutionary restaurants took their names from these and the new class of French businessmen, booming in the early 19th century when Napoleon decided that if people were enjoying food and drinks, they’d be unlikely to rebel again. Citizens were granted the “freedom of pleasure” and restaurants began to compete with each other. They were featured in travelogues and became tourist attractions in their own right.
“Intended or not, restaurants can signpost both the decline and success of an Empire,” says William Sitwell, author of The Restaurant: A History of Eating Out. “The extraordinary advancement of the dining scene of ancient Pompeii was indicative of the Roman Empire’s vision breadth and booming. The dark restaurant scene of the United Kingdom in the 1940s after World War II showed quite how the horrors of conflict had damaged the country’s food, culture and taste.”
63. Which of the following is a consequence of the French Revolution?
A. Most personal chefs were left unemployed.
B. Eateries found their way to the countryside.
C. Fine dining no longer just belonged to the aristocrats.
D. There were almost no shortages of basic food stuffs in Paris.
64. What can be learned about the word “restaurant” from the passage?
A. It was coined by the nouveau riche.
B. It originally referred to a type of food.
C. It came into being after the French Revolution.
D. It was first defined as the “freedom of pleasure”.
65. What can be inferred from William Sitwell’s comments on restaurants?
A. They are symbols of transformation.
B. They are the result of development.
C. They lost their appeal to British people in the 1940s.
D. They made their first appearance in ancient Pompeii.
66. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The national vision of eating out. B. The varying popularity of restaurants.
C. The unintended purposes of eating out. D. The history and evolution of restaurants.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
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A. Art is another area where forgery is decreasing due to the resulting profits. B. DNA could be used to expose fraud in the art world, too. C. If the technology continues to evolve, consumers could someday bring handheld bar coders to the table. D. Simple confusion might explain some of the differences, since fish species can be hard to tell apart. E. The DNA molecule is capable of storing vast amounts of data and a label with these data can survive for thousands of years. F. To solve this problem, some scientists have suggested attaching a small plastic label full of DNA to works of art. |
Authenticating Sushi … and Picassos
A recent study of the seafood industry by Oceana, a conservation group, found that, nationwide, grocery stores mislabeled nearly one-fifth of all the fish they sold. Sushi restaurants were even worse, serving a fish other than what was promised on the menu three-quarters of the time. 67 But some merchants seemed to substitute cheap fish like tilapia for more expensive fare on purpose.
DNA bar coding can help uncover such practices. By taking a bit of muscle from a fish and sequencing (测定序列) the DNA inside, scientists can quickly tell one species from another. Bar-coding technology is accessible enough that high-school students have used it to expose fraud (骗局) at restaurants. 68 And they can see for themselves whether they’re really getting the bluefin tuna they ordered.
69 Billions of dollars’ worth of art changes hands every year, and some experts estimate that 40 percent of it is fake. Professional authentication can help, but recent stories involving works said to have been painted by Jackson Pollock, Amedeo Modigliani, and others have shown that a skillful forger (制作赝品者) can fool even the most respected experts. 70 Rather than using the artist’s own DNA—which a thief could lift from clothes, rubbish, or hairs—these labels would contain DNA from another creature, with pieces of synthetic DNA woven in. To authenticate the piece, scientists would take DNA from the label, sequence the synthetic hits, and consult a database. Only if the sequence matched the database record would the piece be pronounced genuine.
IV．Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. It’s no laughing matter
Much research has been conducted about why humans laugh and what they laugh at—not only by psychologists, but also by philosophers, for the study of laughter crosses many disciplines. So, why do we laugh?
The general belief is that humans laugh as a social bonding mechanism. Studies have shown that humans are over 30 times more likely to laugh with others than alone. Even “laughing gas” works more effectively on a group of people than on a single person. We all know that laughter can be very infectious.
Some researchers believe that laughter in humans was born out of the relief our ancestors felt after danger had passed. If smiling in humans is considered an extension of the “fear” face in primates (灵长类动物), then laughter is a signal that the fear has gone. When we laugh, our “fight or flight” reaction to danger is temporarily switched off, further indicating that we now feel relaxed. So laughter is a way of discharging stress and anxiety.
Although laughter is universal, people don’t always laugh at the same things, and what people find funny often changes as they get older. Children find a lot to laugh about, as they are encountering so many things for the first time, which offers constant surprises. Teenagers often like jokes that adults find annoying, while adults often laugh at jokes about funny things in their own everyday lives. Furthermore, because a lot of our humor comes from a shared cultural background, countless jokes don’t cross language and cultural barriers, with the result that what’s funny in Australia may well not be in Austria.
Regardless of what different people find funny, people ought to laugh as much as they can. While we’re laughing, we increase the killer cells that destroy viruses. So, the next time someone tells you they nearly died laughing, tell them it’s far from the truth!
V. Translation
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 此刻，我不想让妈妈为我的就业问题担心。(bother)
73. 公共场所的色彩与设计会对社会产生不容忽视的影响。（impact）
74. “买一送一”是常见的促销手段，但赠品质量却往往不尽如人意。（far from）
75. 博物馆推出的这些活动，在满足人们多样的需求的同时，也让传统文化火起来、潮起来。(not only)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
