【中考复习】备战2023年中考英语核心语法逐个打破:专题25 定语从句(通用版)
定语从句
考点热度★★★★★
命题趋势 |
定语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、漫笔填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。 |
知识导图 |
定语从句 |
知识链接 |
(一)关系代词 (二)关系副词 (三)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 |
考点突破 |
考点1:关系代词的主谓普遍 考点2:只能用that而不克不及用which的情况 考点3:只能用which而不克不及用that的情况 |
小试牛刀 |
2022年各地模拟20题 |
直击中考 |
2022年各地中考20题 |
知识点01 关系代词
【语法详解】在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose。
图示:
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
关系代词的基本用法
作主语 |
作宾语 |
作定语 |
|
指人 |
who/that |
who/whom/that/省略 |
whose |
指物 |
which/that |
which/that/省略 |
The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。
The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
【即学即练】Pay attention to the students ________ laugh at you.
A.who B.whom C.which D.whose
知识点02 关系副词
【语法详解】在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系副词有when,where,why等
关系副词的基本用法
1. when在句中作状语,表示时间。
He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。
This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。
2. where在句中作状语,表示地点。
This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。
This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。
3. why在句中作状语,表示原因。
This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他什么上学总迟到。
易错提醒:
1. 当先行词为地点名词时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。如:
语法This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语,所以要用which/that,而不用where)
2. 当position,point,case,stage,situation,atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时,若定语从句中缺少状语,则用where来引导。如:
语法It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。
3. 关系副词why指原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是reason。
语法Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗?
4.当先行词是时间名词时,既可以用when引导定语从句,也可以用that或which引导定语从句,关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语,用when引导;若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。如:
语法Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?(when在从句中作状语)
语法Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?(that或which作spent的宾语)
【即学即练】This is the school ________ I studied ten years ago.
A.which B.where C.that
知识点03 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
【语法详解】
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
1、限制性定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上,非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。
Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present. 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。
2、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整个句子。
That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已被传得沸沸扬扬
3、除which外,还可用when, where, who,whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。
After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
注意:that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
4、在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词作宾语时,引导词可以省略;但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省,同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。
【即学即练】Do you know the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city of Yunan?
A.where B.which C.who D.whose
考点01 关系代词的主谓一致
I don’t know the man. The man is talking with our headteacher.
I don’t know the man ________________ talking with our headteacher.
【作法】
第一步-对原文进行翻译:我不认识那个人。那个人正在跟我的校长聊天。
第二步-考查定语从句的引导词。改为定语从句要先确定先行词,先行词“the man”指人,在从句中作主语,关系可以用who或that,从句的谓语用现在进行时结构is talking,故填who/that;is。
【结论】
当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
【典例秒杀】
Do you know the girl? The girl is singing under the tree.
Do you know the girl ________________?
The teacher is strict with us. We love her.
We love the teacher ________________.
The woman teaches us English. She comes from the USA.(合并为一句)
The woman ________ ________ from the USA teaches us English.
Electricity comes into our flat through cables. We bury cables under the ground. (合并成一句话)
Electricity comes into our flat through cables which _________ _________ under the ground
考点02 只能用that而不能用which的情况
That is the most interesting book _______ I have ever read
A.that B.which C.what D.where
【作法】
第一步-对原文进行翻译:那是我读过的最有趣的书。
第二步-考查定语从句,该句的先行词为book,被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰,可知只能用关系代词that,故选A。
【结论】
通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which:
(1)先行词为all,much,something,everything,nothing,little,none,the one等代词时。
That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。
Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。
(3)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
(5)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
(6)先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。
(7)主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
【典例秒杀】
That’s the only thing _______ I can do now.
A.what B.which C.what D.that
Is there anything _______ I can do for you?
A.which B.that C.what D.when
— Have you read the book The old man and the sea written by the American writer, Hemingway?
— Of course, an amazing story. It’s the best book ________ I’ve ever read.
A.which B.what C.who D.that
—Have you heard of the place ________ he visited last summer?
—Yes, it is the very place ________ the great writer, Lu Xun was born.
A.where; where B.where; that C./; where D.that; that
考点03 只能用which而不能用that的情况
It’s impossible for anyone to take the sovereignty(主权)over Taiwan Island away from China, ________ has been part of China since ancient times .
A.where B.that C.which
【作法】
第一步-对原文进行翻译:任何人都不可能把台湾岛的主权从中国手中夺走,台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分。
第二步-考查定语从句。which关系代词,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,可以引导非限制性定语从句;that关系代词,先行词指物或人,在从句中作主语或宾语,不可以引导非限制性定语从句;where关系副词,先行词指地点,在从句中作状语;句子先行词是物,且在从句中作主语;而句子是非限制性定语从句,应用which引导,故选C。
【结论】
关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:
(1)先行词为that, those时,用which,而不用that。
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
(2)关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that。
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that。
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
【典例秒杀】
He was very rude to the customs officer, ________ of course made things even worse.
A.who B.whom C.what D.which
Whenever I met him, ________ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A.what B.which C.that D.when
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________, of course, made the others unhappy.
A.who B.which C.this D.what
Campus(校园) is the place ______ we spend a lot of time with our classmates and teachers. There are our most valuable memories there.
A.who B.that C.on which
Harbin is a beautiful city ________ I’ve worked for more than thirty years.
A.that B.who C.in which
1.(2023·江苏·无锡外国语学校一模)Is this the factory _________ some foreign friends visited last Monday?
A.one B.where C.in that D.that
2.(2022·辽宁辽阳·一模)—Do you know the boy ________ is under the tree?
—Oh, he is my cousin.
A.which B.who C.whom D.whose
3.(2022·江苏无锡·模拟预测)Michael Jackson was a singer ________ is considered as the king of pop music.
A.what B.whose C.who D.which
4.(2022·内蒙古兴安盟·一模)The woman ________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A.which B.who C.whom D.what
5.(2022·江苏宿迁·三模)The woman ________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A.whom B.what C.which D.who
6.(2022·江苏泰州·二模)China is getting better at making the most popular high-tech products ________ can be bought in all parts of the world.
A.who B.which C.what D.that
7.(2022·山东·无棣县教育科学研究中心二模)Could you tell me the result of the discussion ________ you had made in the meeting just now?
A.who B.when C.how D.that
8.(2022·辽宁·盘山县教师进修学校二模)As we all know, a doctor is a person ________ looks after people’s health.
A.who B.whose C.which D.whom
9.(2022·湖北·房县教学研究中心一模)—Do you know who Su Bingtian is?
—Yes, he is a famous runner ________ set the new Asian record of 9.83 second in men’s 100-meter race at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
10.(2022·湖北·鄂州市鄂城区教学研究室模拟预测)—We teenager should look up to the heroes _______ try to protect our country.
—I think so.
A.what B.which C.who D.whose
11.(2022·湖北孝感·三模)— Have you heard of Chen Xiangrong from Pingnan, Fujian Province?
— Yes, he is a hero _________ guarded our nation.
A.what B.who C.whom D.which
12.(2022·湖北咸宁·模拟预测)—Have you watched the TV play “Like a Flowing River”?
—Yes. It’s the most popular TV play ________ makes people know about the reform and opening-up policy.
A.where B.that C.what D.whom
13.(2022·湖北黄冈·一模)—Wang Yaping is the pride of our country!
—Yes! She is the first woman astronaut ________ taught us science at the space ship.
A.where B.whom C.who D.which
14.(2022·湖北·鄂州市鄂城区教学研究室二模)—These days, many kids are very interested in the song Lonely Warriors. Why?
—Maybe they think it’s a song ________ has great lyrics and rhrhythm.
A.which B.who C.where D.what
15.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模)—What kind of musicians does Victor like?
—He likes musicians ___________ play different kinds of music.
A.who B.which C.what
16.(2022·辽宁葫芦岛·二模)The unforgettable experience ________ we had in the summer camp makes us grow up.
A.who B.whose C.which D.whom
17.(2022·辽宁葫芦岛·三模)— Do you like the novel?
— Yes, I do. It is the first one ________ I have read three times.
A.who B.when C.that D.this
18.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模)—A news report said that an old man gave away 10,000 yuan to some kids in the poor village.
—It was so moving! That was all his money ________ he got from selling waste.
A.which B.when C.that
19.(2022·辽宁葫芦岛·一模)The boy ________ is playing soccer is the volunteer. He helped a lot.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
20.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模)— Avatar 2 is the movie ________ I’m waiting for.
— Me, too. We’ll enjoy a 3D movie without glasses then.
A.who B.what C.that
21.(2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题)—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now?
—Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week.
A.that B.who C.what D.who
22.(2022·湖南株洲·中考真题)Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ will live in our heart forever.
A.which B.who C.what
23.(2022·广西玉林·中考真题)—Volunteering is a meaningful activity.
—I agree. We should express thanks to the people ________ do volunteer jobs.
A.whom B.what C.who D.which
24.(2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题)—What kind of music do you like, Linda?
—I like music ________ I can dance to.
A.when B.that C.what
25.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)— Jeff, what are you watching?
— A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ stories move me deeply.
A.who B.whom C.whose
26.(2022·辽宁营口·中考真题)He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A.whom B./ C.which D.who
27.(2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题)—What kind of movies do you like?
—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.
A.whom give B.who gives C.which give D.that gives
28.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—How exciting the speech is!
—Pretty good! This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard.
A.which B.that C.who
29.(2022·广西柳州·中考真题)Do you know the boy ________ is standing under the tree?
A.who B.which C.where
30.(2022·湖南郴州·中考真题)—Do you know the woman ________ is giving a lesson in space now?
—Of course. She is Wang Yaping.
A.which B.whom C.who
31.(2022·吉林·中考真题)Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her classes lively and interesting.
A.which B.who C.what
32.(2022·湖北恩施·中考真题)China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
A.which B.that C.who
33.(2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题)The boys __________ are playing football are from Class One.
A.which B.who C.whose
34.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)I can’t forget the teachers and the university ________ I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.
A.that B.which C.what
35.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A.who B.whom C.which
36.(2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher?
—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much.
A.which; our B.who; us C.which; us D.that; our
37.(2022·湖北十堰·中考真题)Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.
A.who B.whom C.which D.whose
38.(2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题)— What kind of books do you like best?
— I like books ________ are about science and technology.
A.who B.whom C.which
39.(2022·四川达州·中考真题)—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin?
—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.
A.that; more touching B.what; less touching C.that; more touched D.which; less touched
40.(2022·四川成都·中考真题)Rome is an ancient city _______ is full of places of interest.
A.where B.which C.who
本文链接: https://www.yizhekk.com/0252353354.html