小优老师为同学们整理了英语语法，记得关心公众号！

      

很多同学不理解介词的作用。同学们想想，“介”字组词是什么？中介、介绍肯定是同学们首先想到的词。“介”在汉语中的解释为“两者当中”，“介”就像纽带与桥梁一样。

所以，介词是表示两词之间的关系的词。我们在小学和初中英语进修中常见的的英语介词有：

位置：

in在……里，out在……外，

要在阁下用beside

on在……上，under在……下，

两者之间是between

in front of是在……前，

在……背面用behind

时间：

年月周前要用in，日子后面却不行。

说到某日要用on，上午下战书要是in。

要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。

at用在时分前，说“差”用to，“过”用past。

1.on

( 1 ) 在——上头（位置，与表面接触）

the book is on the desk.

书在桌子上。

( 2 ) 在——（哪一天/礼拜几/几号）

What do you do on Wednesday?

你周三做什么？

My birthday is on August 2nd.

我的生日在八月二日。

2.in

（1）在——里面（位置）

The pens are in the pencil-box.

钢笔在铅笔盒里。

（2）在——（哪一年/月）

His birthday is in October.

他的生日在十月。

He worked here in 1992.

他1992年在这里工作。

（3） 在——（地方）

He works in Shijiazhuang.

他在石家庄工作。

（4）在——之后（时间，用于将来时）

What are you going to do in 20 years?

20年后你想做什么？

（5） 在——（早上、下午、晚上）

I do morning exercises in the morning every day.

我每天早上做早操。

I often do my homework in the evening.

我总是晚上做家庭作业。

3.at

（1）在——（点钟）

I usually go to school at 8:00 am.

我经常8点去上学。

在中午at noon

（2） 在——（小地点）

Istay at homeon Sundays.

我每周日待在家。

under在——下面

The ball is under the bed.

球在床的下面。

near在——附近

Thebook shop is near ourschool.

书店在我们学校附近。

in front of在——前面

A boy is standing in front of the house.

一个男孩正站在房子前面。

behind在——后面

There is a broom behind the door.

门后面有一把扫帚。

beside在——旁边

A football is beside the door.

一个足球在门旁边。

next to紧挨着

There is a bus stopnext to No. 13 Middle School.

紧挨着第13中学有一个公交站。

over在——正上方

A bridge is over the river.

小河上方有一座桥。

on the left在——左边

The bookstore is on the left.

书店在左边。

on the right在——右边

The hospital is on the right.

医院在右边。

before在……之前

Mike brushes his teethbefore breakfast.

麦克早饭之前刷牙。

after在——以后

He went home after school.

他放学后回家。

in the middle在——中间

The road is in the middle.

路在中间。

for

（1） 给。This present is for you.

这个礼物是给你的。

（2） 为了。Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo.

谢谢你告诉我去动物园的路。

（3）作为。We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch.

我们吃了一些薯条和汉堡作为午饭。

to

（1）到。Take your sportshoes to the P.E class.

带上你的运动鞋去体育课。

（2）致。Happy birthday to you.

祝你生日快乐。

from来自

I am from China.

我来自中国。

= I come from China.

from…to从——到——

We have class from Monday to Friday.

我们从周一到周五上课。

of——的

He is a student of No. 12School.

他是第12中学的学生。

by

（1）在——之前。We must be at home by 6 o’clock.

我们必须在6点之前回家。

（2）乘——交通工具。

I go to school by bus.

我乘公交车去学校。

（3）由—–

The toy ismade by hisfather.

这个玩具是由他爸爸做的。

with

（1） 用。I write a letter with a pen.

我用钢笔写信。

（2） 和——一起。He went to Shenzhen with his parents.

他和父母一起去深圳。

between

在——与——之间 。（在两者之间）

There is a football match between Class One and Class Three.

一班和三班之间有场足球场。

into

到——里。Sharks can dive into the deep cold water.

鲨鱼可以下潜到又深又冷的海水中。

like

（1）像—— The twins are like their father.

这对双胞胎像他们的父亲。

（2）长相——怎样？What does your fathe look like?

你的爸爸长得怎么样？

about

（1）大约；关于 It’s about 6:00 now.

现在大约6点钟。

（2）——怎么样？

What about have some tea？

喝点茶怎么样？

专项练习

一 选用适当的介词填空

1.We will stay ___ there ____ two days.

2.I stay ____ the lab ___ 9 o’clock.

3.Liu Yingao often goes ____ school ____ six thirty ____ the morning.

4.I do my homework ___7:00 pm ___ 8:30 pm every day .

5.The teacher is coming back ____ an hour.

6.He always arrives ___ time ____ time of an appointment.

7.The policeman arrives ____ time and caught the thief ____ a flash.

8.The letter passed ____ one ____ another ____ everyone had read it.

9.It is a week ____ they left ____ Japan.

10.My cousin joined the army ____ September last year.

11.It’s been 100 years ____ the May Fourth Movement took place ____ May 4 , 1919.

12.I’ll be ____ home ____ Sunday morning.

13.I think they will catch up ____ a few minutes.

14.I stopped ____ the night ___ a small village while I was ___ holiday in the Himalayas a few years ago.

15.He got up late ____ the morning and had a meal ___ noon.

16.The play begins ___ 6:40 pm . So we have to be ____ the theatre ____ 6:30 pm ____ the latest.

17.Easter is always ____ a Sunday ____ March 22nd ____ April 25th .

18.We must fight on ____ the end .

19.The girl lingered ____ the lake _____ it was dark.

20.——The Silk Road has been a bridge between the East and the West ____ over 2,000 years .

——Yes, it began _____ (在···期间）the Western Han Dynasty.

21.Leilei must finish painting the girl _____ five minutes.

二、单项选择

1.____ the exam , we’ll say goodbye ____ our dear teachers , classmates as well as our beautiful school .

A.In ; for

B. After ; to

C.Through ; to

D.For ; for

2.Armstrong was the first man to walk ____ the moon _____ 20, July 1969.

A.in ; on

B. at ;at

C. on ; on

D. to ; at

3.It’s so cold outside . Remember to close the door ____ you when you leave .

A.behind

B. with

C. before

D.beside

4.My birthday this year will come ____ five days .

A.during

B. for

C. in

D. after

5.Don’t stay inside ____ such a sunny morning .

A . on

B. in

C. from

D. at

6.My family will have a party ____ the evening of March 2nd.

A.in

B. on

C. at

D. until

7.They usually go shopping ____ their lunch break .

A.against

B.among

C. between

D. during

8.Ted was very rude at school when he was young , nobody liked him ____ .

A.in time

B.at the time

C.at times

D.on time

9.Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.

A.on ; on

B.at ; on

C.in ; in

D.in ; on

10.Why did you get up so early ____ this morning ?

A.on

B. /

C. at

D. in

11.He went to Tokyo ____ April 1st, and came back ____ a cold morning last year .

A.in ; in

B. in ; on

C. on ; on

D. on ; in

12.Mr Liu was born ____ the morning of December 20th, 1999.

A.in

B. on

C. at

D. to

13.Mrs Li will move ____ Puyang ____ May , .

A./ ; in

B. to ; in

C. to ; on

D. in ; in

14.He arrived ____ Tokyo ____ half past ten ____ June 5th.

A.at ; at ; in

B.in ; at ; in

C.in ; at ; on

D.to ; at ; on

15.____ now on ; I will learn English ____ Saturday morning.

A.Since ; on

B. From ; on

C. For ; in

D. During ; in

16.We had learned 1,000 English words ____ the end of last term .

A.at

B. in

C. during

D. by

17.Liu Yingao had finished her homework ____ the time I got home .

A.until

B. by

C. at

D. when

18.Suffering from the terrible earthquake , the victims often awake several times ____ the night and sometimes they even can’t sleep ____ night.

A.in ; at

B. at ; in

C. during ; in

D. in ; during

19.Zhipeng went abroad for further education ____ a few weeks .

Yingao will go abroad for further education ____ a few weeks .

A.in ; in

B. after ; after

C. in ; after

D. after ; in

20.Both Ping and Ye will get married this year. Ping is going to begin their honeymoon ___ Christmas while Ye ____ New Year’s Day.

A.on ; on

B. at ; at

C. at ; on

D. in ; during

参

考

答

案

一选用适当的介词填空

1./ ; for

2.at ; until

3.to ; at ; in

4.from ; to

5.in

6.on ; in

7.in ; in

8.from ; to ; until

9.since ; for

10.in

11.since ; on

12.at ; on

13.in

14.for ; in ;on

15.in ; at

16.at ; at ; by ; at

17.on ; between ; and

18.until / till

19.by ; until

20.for ; during

21.within

二、单项选择

1-5 BCACA

6-10 BDBBB

11-15 CBBCB

16-20 DBADC

英语现在进行时

（一）基本用法：

（1）表示（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。

I’m visiting my friends now.

（2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

His is learning English this year.

（二） 谓语构成：be (am/ is/ are)＋v-ing （动词的现在分词）

【注意】be要与主语的人称和数保持一致。如：

I’m watching TV now. 我现在正在看电视。

They’re playing football. 他们正在踢足球。

（三）现在分词的构成。

（1）一般情况下在动词词尾+ing。

go→going look→looking

（2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e+ing。

have →having write→writing

（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节（辅元辅结构），双写最后一个字母，+ing。

get→getting run→running begin→beginning

(4) 特殊形式 lie-lying die-dying

（四）现在进行时态的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略回答。

（1）肯定式：主语+be＋v-ing +其他

He is running. 他正在跑。

The students are cleaning the classroom now .

（2）否定式：主语+be＋not＋v-ing +其他

He is not running.

The students aren’t cleaning the room now.

（3）一般问句：be动词提前。“Be+主语+v-ing+其他？”

肯定答语Yes，主语＋be.

否定答语No，主语＋be not.

Is he running?

Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.

（4）特殊问句式：“疑问词+be ＋主语＋v-ing＋其他？”

a. 对谓语动词进行提问的：What＋be ＋主语＋doing＋其他？

What is the man doing under the tree?

b. 对其他成份进行提问的，疑问词＋一般疑问句？

Where is the boy swimming?

五、 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别

（一）现在进行时表示动作的暂时性，而一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和经常性

I am watching TV now. （暂时性）我现在在看电视。

I watch TV every day. （经常性） 我每天都看电视。

（二）现在进行时可表示短暂性动作，而一般现在时表示长久性动作。

Lucy is living in Beijing.（短时间居住）露西暂时住在北京。

Lucy lives in Beijing. （长久性居住） 露西在北京居住或生活。

（三）有些动词不能用进行时，know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice。这些动词通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作。

1) 表示“拥有”的动词。如have (has) 等。

例句：I have a nice bike now. (我现在有一辆漂亮的自行车。)

不能说成: I am having a nice bike now.

2) 有些表示感觉的感官动词。如：see, find, look (看起来)，hear (听见)等。

例句：We see him. (我们看见他。)

不能说成：We are seeing him.

但是，有些表示感觉的动词，如：listen to, look at 等可用现在进行时。

如：They are listening to the teacher. (他们在听老师讲课。)

3) 表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词。如：like, love, hate (讨厌)等。

例句：We love our country. (我们热爱祖国。)

不可说: We are loving our country.

4) 表示知识或脑力的动词。如：think, know, forget等。

例句：I think you are right. (我认为你是对的。)

不能说成：I am thinking you are right.

5) 表示状态的be动词“是”。

例句：She is at home. (她在家。)

不能说成：She is being at home.

6) 表示“希望”、“愿望”、“心愿”等的动词。如：want 等词。

例句：I want to see her now. (我现在就想见到她。)

不能说成：I am wanting to see her now.

练习题

一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式

work_______ sing_______ play_______study_______

have _______dance ______write______take________

run_________sit_________ shop______swim_______

lie________ die_________begin_______get_______

二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.Look!There _____(be) a lot of people over there. What _______they __________ (do)now?

2. —What __________ your mother __________ (do)? —She isa teacher.

3. It __________ (rain) heavily outsidenow. You must stay at home.

4. Don’t sing. The baby __________(sleep).

5. My brother __________ (not like) playing basketball, but he ______ (like) playing football.

6. —What _________ youusually_________ (do) on Sunday?

—Iusually_________ (stay) at home and _________ (do) my homework.

7.Listen!The girls _________ (sing) in the next room.

8. My sister _________ (want) to be a teacher.

9. It’s seven o’clocknow.The Greens _________ (have) supper.

10. Heoften_________ (swim) on Sundays.Look! He _________ (swim) at the pool.

三、单项选择

1. I want _________ homework now.

A. doing B. to do C. to do my D. do my

2. It’s time _________.

A. go to school B. play games C. to go home D. to do my homeworks

3. The boy is _________ to his teacher.

A. saying B. speaking C. talking D. telling

4. I’m _________ a book in the room.

A. watching B. seeing C. reading D. looking

5. Where _________ he _________ from?

A. is, come B. do, come C. does, come D. is, from

6. Do they have a new car? Yes, _________.

A. they are B. they have C. they don’t D. they do

7. He often _________ supper at 6:00 in the evening.

A. have B. has C. is having D. is eating

8. It’s 6 o’clock in the morning. He _________.

A. get up B. gets up C. is geting up D. is getting up

9. What are you doing? I’m _________ TV.

A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. watching

10. We _________ any Chinese classes on Friday.

A. are having B. aren’t having C. don’t have D. are have

11. Tom _________ an English class now.

A. is having B. has C. having D. have

12. Are you playing basketball? No, we _________.

A. isn’t B. aren’t C. not D. don’t

四、按要求改写句子

1. The boy is playing basketball.

否定句：____________________________

一般疑问句：_________________________

肯定回答：__________________________

否定回答：__________________________

对“The boy”提问：___________________

2.连词成句

1)new， read ，book，a. ________________

2)blackboard， clean 。the .________________

3) she, the window, open, now.

(用现在进行时连词成句.)

____________________

4) The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问)

________________________

5) is,who,the window, cleaning?(连词成句)

______________________

6) The children are playing games near the house.

(就划线部分提问)

________________________________

7) She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)

______________________

8) You are doing your homework.

(用”I”作主语改写句子)

______________________

9) they, the tree, sing, now, under.

(用现在进行时连词成句.)

_____________________

10) The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.

(改成一般疑句)

_________________

11) Look! Lily is dancing.（改为一般疑问句）

_____________________________________

12) Kate is looking for her watch.（改为否定句）

_____________________________________

13) Mrs White is watching TV.（划线部分提问）

______________________________________

14) I am doing homework.（改为否定句）

______________________________________

15) They are waiting for you at the library.（就划线部分提问）

_____________________________________

16) They are doing housework .

(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)

___________________________________________

17) The students are cleaning the classroom .

( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)

______________________________________

18) I’mplaying the footballon the playground .

(对划线部分进行提问)

______________________________________

19)Tomis reading books in his study .

(对划线部分进行提问)

_______________________________________

答案

一、

working,singing,playing,studying

having,dancing,writing,taking

running,sitting,shopping,swimming

lying,dying,beginning,getting

1.is are…doing 2.does…do 3.is raining

4.is sleeping 5.don’t like likes 6.do…do

7.are singing 8.wants 9.is having 10.swims is swimming

CCCCC DBBDC AB

1.The boy isn’t playing basketball.

Is the boy playig basketball?

Yes,he is./No,he isn’t.

2.

1)-5)

Read a new book.

Clean the blackborad.

She is opening the window now.

What are the birds doing in the tree?

Who is cleaning the window?

6)-10)

Where are the children playing games?

She isn’t closing the door now.

I am doing my homework.

They are singing under the tree.

Are the Young Pioneers helping the old women?

11)-15)

Look! Is Lily dancing?

Kate isn’t looking for her watch.

What is Mrs. White doing?

I am not doing my homework.

Where are they waiting for you?

16)-19)

Are they doing housework?

They aren’t doing housework.

Are the students cleaning the classroom?

No,they aren’t.

What are you doing on the playground?

Who is reading books in his study?

定义英语中用来表示事物的数量或顺序的词叫做数词。

分类

1.根据数词的特征，可将英语中的数词分为两大类，分别为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词。

2.根据数字是否为整数，又可将它分为整数、分数和小数；

3.根据数字所表示的数是否确定，还可以分为定数和概数。

基数词

1.基数词从1到12是独立的单词，要分别记忆。

如2-two，12-twelve

2. 13到19均是在个位数后加-teen构成。

如：13-thirteen，15-fifteen

3. 20到90表示整十的基数词均是在个位数后加-ty构成。

如：40-forty，90-ninety

4.表示“几十几”要在个位数与十位数之间加连字符“-”。

如：59 fifty-five

5.表示“几百几十几”要在百位数与十位数之间加and。

如：262-two hundred and sixty-two

6.英语中没有“万”和“亿” 这两个数量单位，要按十进位法来推算。

如ten thousand-10000

ten million-10000000

一亿-onethousandmillion

巧记基数词口诀

1至12分别记，13至19都带-teen，

整十后面要用-ty，

连字符用于几十几，

百位以上and连

略数表达

1.当hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen等前面有具体的数词（one, two, three…）时，后面既不能加s，也不能加介词of。如：

There aretwothousand students in our school.

2. hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen等前面没有具体的数词，则在其后加s和介词of，表不确定的数量或形容数量之多。如：

hundreds of成百的，好几百

hundreds and hundreds of成百上千的

thousands of 数以千计的

tens of thousands of千千万万的

millions of数百万的

dozens of 许多

长城是由数百万石头砌成的。

The Great Wall is made ofmillionsof stones.

3.若表示特定的数目，可在hundred、thousand后加of。如：

There are seven hundred students in this school.Three hundred of them / the students are girls.

该校有700名学生，其中女生有300名。

4.“another+ 基数词 + 名词”或“基数词 + more + 名词”表示在已有基础上再增加一定的数量。

In another two weeks, it will be finished.

再过两个星期，这活就完成了。

基数词变序数词

序数词是数词的一种，在汉语中表示为“第几”。此外，在描述日期时，也会用到序数词。

1.一、二、三的序数词需要特殊记忆：

one-first

two-second

three-third

2.八只加h，九去掉e后再加th：

eighth, ninth

3.五和十二先将ve变成f，再加th：

five-fifth, twelve-twelfth

4.整十的基数词（10除外），均将y变成ie，再加th：

twentieth, fiftieth

5.表示二十以上的基数词只变个位数（整十除外）：

thirty-first

6.其他情况一般都是在基数词词尾加th：

fourh

hundredth

基数词变序数词口诀

基变序，有规律，词尾多加th。

一、二、三，特殊记，

词尾字母t、d、d。

八减t，九去e，f来把ve替。

逢十改y为ie，后跟th莫忘记。

若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。

分数

分数是由基数词和序数词组合而成的：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如果分子大于1，分母则用复数形式。如：

1/2 a / one half（一般不读作a second，因为容易误以为“一秒钟”）

1/3 one third

3/5 three fifths

1/ 4 a quarter / one fourth

分数记忆口诀

英语分数不费事，

“母序分基”四个字；

分子若是大于一，

分母还须加s。

【注】分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与后面的名词一致：当名词是可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数；当名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数。如：

In our class, two fifths of the students are boys.

Three fourths / quarters of the meat has gone bad.

时间表达

时间表达法，英汉有异同；

顺读时一样，逆读有不同；

先分钟后点钟，half、quarter记心中；

三十分钟内，past来使用；

超过三十分，to来先前冲。

2:00 two / two o’clock

2:15 two fifteen / a quarter past two

2:30twothirty/halfpasttwo

2:40twoforty/twentytothree

年代表达

年代以十记，s加上去；

前加介词in，定冠莫忘记。

在20世纪90年代（1990-1999）

in the 1990s或in the 1990’s

在19世纪80年代（1880-1889）

年月日

1.年份大多每两位数一读，但有特殊。如：

1949年读作nineteen forty-nine

1900年读作nineteen hundred

1901年读作nineteen o one

读作two thousand

读作two thousand and twelve / twenty twelve

2.可以先月后日，日要用序数词。如：

5月1日读作May（the）first，写作May 1st

3月8日读作March（the）eighth，写作March 8th

3.也可以先日后月，日也要用序数词。如：

5月2日读作the second of May，写作2nd May

3月3日读作the third of March，写作3rd March

4.年份前要用逗号隔开。如：

1949年10月1日，可写作 October 1st, 1949或1st October, 1949

年龄段表达

年龄段用“in + 形容词性物主代词 + 数词的复数形式”来表示。如：

in my twenties 在我二十几岁时（20-29）

in her sixties在她六十几岁时（60-69）

Marx began to learn foreign languages in his fifties。.

【注】“十几岁”要用in one’s teens而不是in one’s tens。

算式表达

1.加法：基数词+ and / plus +基数词+ is +总数

Seven and / plus eight is fifteen.

（7+8=15）

2.减法：基数词+ minus +基数词+ is +总数

Ten minus two is eight.

3.乘法：基数词+ times +基数词+ is +总数

Nine times three is twenty-seven.

4.除法：基数词+ divided by + 基数词+ is +总数

Thirty-two divided by four is eight.

【注】如果问“一加三等于多少”，可用What / How much is one plus three？

量词

特点一：英语量词词组所表示的数或量，大致可归纳为四种类型，即定量、不定量、大量和少量。

1．表示定量的量词词组，譬如：

a couple of（两个、一对）

a couple of days

a couple of players

a couple of times

a cupful of（一满杯）

a cupful of jelly

a cupful of water

2．表示不定量的量词词组，譬如：

a majority of（大多数／大半）

a majority of opinions

a majority of votes

3．表示大量的量词词组，譬如：

a flood of

a flood of ink（洋洋大篇）

a flood of tears（泪如泉涌）

a heap of

a heap of earth（一堆泥土）

a heap of customers（许多顾客）

a mountain of

a mountain of debts（债台高筑）

a mountain of difficulties（困难重重）

4．表示少量的量词词组，譬如：

a drop of

a drop of fever（有点热度）

a drop of dew（一点露水）

特点二：有些数量词组修饰可数名词，有些数量词组修饰不可数名词，还有些则两者均可修饰。

1．修饰不可数名词的量词词组，譬如：

a bit of

a bit of English（一点英语）

a bit of good advice（一些好意见）

a bit of interest（一点兴趣）

a sheet of

a sheet of glass（一块玻璃）

a sheet of water（一片汪洋）

2．修饰可数名词的量词词组，譬如：

a string of

a string of pearls（一串珠子）

a string of curses（连续不断的咒骂）

a string of excuses（一连串借口）

3．修饰（不）可数名词的量词词组，譬如：

a block of

a block of ice（一大块冰）

a block of flats（一幢公寓）

a block of houses（一排房子）

a chain of

a chain of ideas（一系列想法）

a chain of accidents（一连串事故）

a chain of proof（一连串证据）

特点三：有些数量词组的搭配是固定的，而有些搭配则比较灵活。

1．搭配固定的量词词组，譬如：

a barrel of

a barrel of beer（一桶啤酒）

a barrel of crude oil（一桶原油）

a basket of

a basket of eggs（一篮鸡蛋）

a basket of apples（一篮苹果）

a line of

a line of trees（一行树）

a line of poetry（一行诗）

2．搭配较灵活的量词词组，譬如：

a piece of

a piece of paper（一张纸）

a piece of furniture（一件家具）

a piece of equipment（一台设备）

a round of

a round of spirit（一巡酒）

a round of diplomatic talks（一轮外交谈判）

a round of toast（一片烤面包）

a bar of

a bar of chocolate（一块巧克力）

a bar of soap（一条肥皂）

a bar of light（一束光）

练习

1. Lincoln was born on ________.

A. February 12, 1809

B. 1809, February 12

C. 1809, 12 February

D. February 1809,12

2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.

A. ten-year-old

B. ten years old

C. ten-year-old

D. fifth years old

3. An hour later, _____ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth” woven by those two men.

A. two B. the second

C. the two D. second

4. Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the United States.

A. 16 B. the 16

C. 16th D. the 16th

5. Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?

A. two B. the two

C. second D. the second

6. —How many students are there in your class?

— ________.

A. Twenty nine

B. Thirty and two

C. Forty-five

D. fifties

7. Which number is wrong? _______.

A. Ninety B. Ninteen

C. Ninth D. Nineteenth

8. The People’s Liberation Army was founded _______.

A. on August 1, 1927

B. in 1927, 1 August

C. on August 1st, 1927

D. in August 1, 1927

9. The number 4,123 is read _______.

A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three

B.four thousand and one hundred twenty-three

C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three

D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three

10. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.

A. in his sixty B. in his sixties

C. in sixties D. in the sixty

11. This classroom is ________ ours.

A. three times big as

B. as three times big as

C. three times as big as

D. as big three times as

12. The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.

A. three B. third

C. the three D. the third

13. Which is the car that he drives? It’s ________.

A. fifty two

B. the fifty-two cars

C. the car fifty four

D. the fifty-fourth car

14. Which of the following is wrong? ________.

A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy.

B. He is at the age of 15.

C. He is a boy of 15.

D. He is fifteen year old.

15. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.

A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred

C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of

16. —-How many new words are there in ________ lesson?

—-There are only _________.

A. five; fifth

B. fifth; five

C. the fifth; the five

D. the fifth; five

17. ________, Coca-Cola began to enter China’s market.

A. In 1970’s B. In 1970s

C. In the 1970s’ D. In the 1970s

18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a ________.

A. ten miles walk

B. ten-mile walk

C. ten mile’s walk

D. tenth mile walk

19. Today is the first day and ________.

A. Tuesday is fourth

B. Thursday is the fourth

C. second is Tuesday

D. a second is Thursday

20. Which room do you live in? ________.

A. The 201 Room B. Room 201

C. Room 201st D. The 201’s Room

答案

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A

6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B

11. C 12. D 13. D 14. D 15.

B 16. D 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. B

过去进行时

定义：

过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。

结构：

was/were +doing (现在分词）

用法：

1.过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：

We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.

昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。

What was he reading all day last Sunday?

上周日他一整天都在阅读什么？

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.

我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。

It was raining when they left the station.

他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.

当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。

2.过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：

What was she doing at nine o’clock yesterday?

昨天晚上九点她在做什么？(介词短语表示时间点)

When I saw him he was doing his homework.

当我看见他的时候他正在写作业。(when从句表示时间点)

3.在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：

While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.

他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)

He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)

过去进行时与一般过去时

都强调过去发生的事，进行时强调过程，不一定完成；过去时强调事件，一定完成。

表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了。

例如：He played when I was studying.

过去进行时与一般过去时，两者都表示过去发生的动作，但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作｡

例如:

I was typing a letter last night.

昨晚我在打一封信｡(可能没打完)

I typed some letters last night.

我昨晚打了一些信｡(已经打完)

具体区别如下：

1.一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。

She wrote a letter to her friend last night.

她昨晚给朋友写了封信。(信写完了)

She was writing a letter to her friend last night.

她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。(信不一定写完)

2.一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。

She waved to me.

她朝我挥了挥手。

3.句中有a moment ago之类的短语一般用一般过去时。

4.句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的状语一般用过去进行时。过去进行时可以用来代替一般过去时，表示更为偶然而非预定的动作：

I was talking to Tom the other day.

那天我跟汤姆聊天来着。

这里的过去进行时给人的印象是这一动作既不特殊，也不引人注目。它同时还倾向于解除主语对于这一动作所负的责任。句中谁先开口说话既不清楚，也无关紧要。要注意它与一般过去时的差异：

注意：进行时态只用于表示显然是连续不断的动作。如果把动作分割开，或者说出其发生的次数，就必须用一般过去时：

I talked to Tom several times.

我跟汤姆谈过几次话。

Tom washed both cars.

汤姆把两辆汽车都洗了。

当然，看来是并行的两个动作可以都用进行时态来表示：

Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog．

一点到两点之间我在购物和遛狗。

这样用的进行时态通常和某些时间状语如today，last night，in the afternoon连用。这些时间状语可以看做是表示某一时刻，也可以看做是表示某一段时间。如上面例句所示，某一段时间也可以用确切的时间来表示。

如想问起一段时间怎样度过时，用过去进行时态要用比一般过去时显得有礼貌：

What were you doing before you came here？（你来这里之前做什么工作？）要比 What did you do before you came here？听起来有礼貌。

另一方面， What were you doing in my room？（你在我的房间里干什么来着？）可能表示这样一种情感：我认为你没有权利在我的屋子里。但 What did you do in my room？却毫无这种含义。

不用于进行时的动词

感官动词：hear,see,notice,feel,taste……

表示态度感情的动词：like,love,hate……

表心理状态：feel,want,prefer……

表占有：own,have,……

表存在状态和持续：look,owe,be……

when 和while的用法区别

两者的区别如下：

1.when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间；

while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

2.when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。

3.由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如：

When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：

While we were talking, the teacher came in.

专项练习题

一.用动词的适当形式填空。

1.I_____(have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.

2.Mary_____(go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter____(do) the same thing.

3.What_____you___(do) at that time?We_____(watch) TV.

4.Was your father at home yesterday evening?Yes,he was. He_____(listen) to the radio.

5.They_____(not make) a model ship when I saw him.

6._____they____(have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?

No, they _____. They _____ (clean) the classroom.

7.______it_____(rain) when you left school? Yes, it____. (No, it____)

8.What_____your father_____(do) when he was your age?

9.One day, Edison_____(wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.

10.He asked me if I______ (go) fishing that afternoon.

11.The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____(leave) in five minutes.

12.In a letter, john told us that he_____(come) to china next month.

13.When the bell rang, jenny_____(wait) in her seat.

14.She_____ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.

15.While my father____ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly____ a cry.

二.选择题。

1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.

A.cooked, were ringing

B. was cooking, rang

C. was cooking, were ringing

D. cooked, rang

2.He said he_____to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.

A.tries

B.tried

C.was trying

D.will try

3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.

A.was watching, was hearing

B.watched, was hearing

C.watched, heard

D.was watching, heard

4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.

A.were watching

B.watch

C.watched

D.are watching

5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?

A.did, read, was seeing

B. did, read, saw

C.were, reading, saw

D.were, reading, was seeing

6.It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.

A.are getting

B.get

C.were getting

D.got

7.Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.

A.is, thinking, was

B.was, thinking, is

C.did, think, is

D.was, thinking, was

8.A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.

A.saw, passed

B.was seeing, passed

C.was seeing, passed

D.was seeing, was passing

9.We____for tom at ten last Sunday.He often kept us ______.

A.were waiting, waiting

B.were waiting, wait

C.waited, waiting

D.waited, wait

10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.

A.helps

B.would help

C.was helping

D.is helping

11.While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.

A.did, made

B.was doing, made

C.was doing, was making

D.did, was making

12.“_______ you angry then?”“they ______ too much noise.”

A.are, were making

B.were, were making

C.are, made

D.were, made

13.He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me

A.did, heard

B.did, didn’t hear

C.was doing, heard

D. was doing, didn’t hear

14.This time yesterday jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV

A.repaired, didn’t watch

B.was repairing, watched

C.repaired, watched

D.was repairing, wasn’t watching

15.His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates.