高中英语主从复合句的懂得与认知(下)
【友情提示】
我们很多同学在高中阶段的英语学习中自觉不自觉的都要遇到句子理解的困难。其实不要着急,要找到你的关键结症在哪?我以为90%的同学的问题主要是对句子结构生疏,尤其是搞不清什么从句,因此对文章的懂得出现了理解上的偏差。本期我将对高中阶段英语主从复合句的考点进行一下梳理,这部分内容也是考试中经常出现有容易出错的部分,大家赶紧收藏起来仔细学习,把不懂的语法内容都捋顺!
【as引导的定语从句】
as引导的定语从句主要用于 “such…as” 及 “the same…as” 的结构中,取代先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
如:these are not such problems as can be easily solved. (as取代先行词problems)
As is mentioned above, no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。
例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和 “介词+ which” 引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。
例如:His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)
例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等
【状语从句】
✩地点状语从句:引导地点状语从句的连词是where, wherever.
✩原因、结果和目的状语从句
1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because, as, since, now(that), when, seeing that, considering that, in that等。
2) 引导结果状语从句的连词有:so…that, such…that , so that, that等。
如:Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3) 引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that, in order that, for fear that, lest等,从句常使用may, might, can, could, would等情态动词。
例如:We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
✩条件和让步状语从句
1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组:if, unless, as (so) long as, on condition that, in case,
Provided (providing) that, supposing等。
例如:As long as you have the right equipment, you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2) 引导让步状语从句的连词和词组:though, although, whether, even though, even if, no matter what, whatever (whenever, wherever, however….) 等。
though, even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义。其结构为 “形容词(副词、动词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”。
例如:No matter what you may say, I would not change my mind.
✩时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有:when, whenever, while, as, after, before, since, till, until, once等。
例如:We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
【状语从句常用连接词】
✧时间状语从句when、as、while、as soon as、before、after、since、till、until
特殊连接词:the minute、the moment、the second、every time、immediately、the day、 directly、no sooner…than (一……就……)、hardly…when (刚一……就……)、scarcely … when (几乎没有…的时候)
✧地点状语从句 where 特殊连接词:wherever、anywhere、everywhere
✧原因状语从句:常用连接词:because、since、as、for;特殊引导词:seeing that、now that、in that、considering that、given that
✧结果状语从句:常用连接词:so…that、such…that。特殊引导词:such that、to the degree that、to the extent that、to such a degree that
✧目的状语从句:常用连接词:so that、such that。特殊引导词:to the degree that、to the extent that、to such a degree that、in order that
✧条件状语从句:常用连接词:if、unless、whether (whether…or not)。特殊引导词:
as/so long as、only if、providing/provide that、supposing that、in case that、on condition that
✧让步状语从句:常用连接词:though、although、even if、even though。特殊引导词:
as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)、while (一般用在句首)、no matter…、in spite of the fact that、whatever、whoever、wherever、whenever、however、whichever
✧方式状语从句:常用连接词:as、as if、how;特殊引导词:the way
✧比较状语从句:常用连接词:as (同级比较)、than (不同程度的比较)。特殊引导词:
the more … the more…、just as…、so…、A to B is what/as C is to D、no…more than、not so much A as B
【区分 that 与 what 引导的从句】
一、引导主语从句
that与what都可引导主语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。
二、引导宾语从句
that与what都可引导宾语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,一般情况下可以省略,但当有两个以上的宾语从句时,只能省掉第一个that。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。
三、引导表语从句
that与what都可引导表语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,且不能省略;what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。
四、引导同位语从句
that与what都可引导同位语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词,对所修饰的名词的具体内容进行详细阐述。这类名词有:fact, idea, news, hope, belief, promise, thought, suggestion, proposal等。that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。
五、引导定语从句
that可引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语或宾语,that既可指人也可指物。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。
注意:what不能引导定语从句。
如不能说:
1. He did all what he could to save the patient.
2.All what he needs is more time.
应将句中的what改为that,或去掉what,还可以将以上两句中的all去掉。
六、引导状语从句
so … that, such … that, so that结构引导状语从句。what不能引导状语从句,但whatever, no matter what可引导让步状语从句。
如:Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won’t burn them. 请把幼苗放在阴凉处以免太阳晒枯它们。
Don’t believe him no matter what he says.无论他说什么,都不要相信他。
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