中考 动词不定式(to do)讲解+专练

在英语句子中,动词有两种。一种是谓语动词,另一种是非谓语动词。动词不定式就属于非谓语动词。

动词不定式没有人称、数和时态的变化。不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化影响。在句子中不克不及单独做谓语，但仍要保留动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。

一.动词不定式的基本形式;

不定式的基本形式是to+动词原形，to没有任何意义，不翻译。

不定式的否定形式在不定式前+not/never即可。

二.动词不定式的句法作用

1.动词不定式作主语

动词不定式可以用作句子中的主语，这时谓语动词要用单数。

Eg:To see is easy ，but to do is difficult.

To ask him for help is necessary.

To help poor people is our duty.

★当动词不定式做主语时,如果带有宾语或状语,那么主语就会很长。这时，常用it来代替不定式做形式主语,而将真正的主语—不定式,转移到谓语之后,以避免句子结构头重脚轻。

Eg:It is necessary to ask him for help.

It is our duty to help poor people.

It is not easy to master a foreign language.

It took us two hours to get there by bike.

★如果要说明不定式的动作是谁做的,不定式前要用for引起的短语。常用结构是It be+adj+for sb+to do sth.翻译为“做某事对于某人来说是怎么样的？

Eg:It is important for us to study English well.

It is difficult for him to answer these questions.

★如果某些表示人的品行的形容词,例kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,wise,

foolish,polite,clever,right,unwise,stupid,thoughtful,rude,silly,

impolite等等作表语时，不定式前要用of引起的短语。其结构是It be+adj+of sb(名词或代词宾格)+to do sth,翻译为“某人是怎么样的去做某事 ”.

Eg:It is kind of you to help me with my English.

It was stupid of him to make a mistake.

2.动词不定式作宾语

当句子中已经有谓语动词,而我们又要表达的不止一个动作概念时,我们就可以用动词不定式做宾语。能直接跟不定式做宾语的动词有agree, choose,decide,

forget,hope,learn,like,plan,prepare,promise,refuse,remember,seem,

want,wish,would like,begin,continue,ask等等。

Eg:I expect to see you tomorrow.

They wanted to watch the film.

He refused to see a doctor.

★有些动词后面跟复合宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语—-不定式,则放在宾语补足语之后。常见的这类动词有find,think,consider,feel,make等等。Eg:He found it important to study English well.

We thought it better to finish homework on time.

3.动词不定式作宾语补足语

不定式可以和名词或代词构成复合宾语,不定式作复合宾语中的宾语补足语来说明宾语的情况。

★带to的不定式做宾语补足语。常见的动词有advise,allow,ask,call on ,consider,encourage,expect,force,hate,invite,like,love,teach,order,request,require,tell,want,warn,wish,get等等。

Eg:The teacher asked us to read English every day.

He advised us to have a good rest.

My mother asked me to help her.

★不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语。常见的动词make,let,have,here,watch,

notice,feel,see等等。

Eg:I saw him come out of the teachers’office.

We often hear him sing the song.

The boss made the workers work day and night

★在help后，带to或不带to都可以。

Eg:I helped him (to )learn English.

She often helps me (to )do housework

4.动词不定式做状语

不定式做状语可以修饰动词,表示目的,结果或原因等等。

★作目的状语表示某一动作或状态的目的。

Eg:They stopped to ask the way.

He went home to see his parents.

为了更加清楚或对目的加以强调。可以在动词前面加in order to。

Eg:He gets up early in order to catch the first bus.

He studied harder in order to catch up with the others.

★作结果状语。常见于too…to或enough…to.

Eg:He uses a computer to write articles.

What have I said to make him unhappy?

He is too young to go to school.

He is old enough to do housework.

★作原因状语。主要是用在表示喜,怒,哀,乐等情感的形容词后。

Eg:He seems surprised to meet her.

We are very glad to hear the news.

5.动词不定式作表语

动词不定式作表语时，不定式是对主语内容的说明。常见的主语有hope,idea,job,mistake,plan,suggestion,wish,work,aim,purpose,thing,

business等等。

Eg:Her wish is to be a teacher.

Our plan is to finish the housework in two hours.

6.动词不定式作定语

不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词后，不定式常和它的修饰词构成了动宾结构。

Eg:I have a lot of work to do.

He was the first person to see the picture.

Here are some books for you to read.

★如果这个不定式是不及物的，则它后面就应该有必要的介词。

Eg:There is nothing to think about.

We use pens to write with.

The woman has six children to look after.

Jim needs a friend to play with.

They need a house to live in.

7.疑问词+动词不定式

我们可以用疑问词加动词+不定式结构作动词的宾语。疑问词有What， which ，who，how，when，where等等。

常和疑问词+动词不定式这一结构连用的动词或短语有know，learn，see，hear,ask,tell,advise,decide,explain,find out,forget,remember,

think,understand,wonder等等。

Eg:We dont know what to do.

Can you tell me how to do it?

★advise,ask,show,teach,tell这些词后面可以接双宾语。

Eg:Can you advise me how to do it？

Does he show us which way to get there?

★What,which,whose,how many,how much后面可以先接一个名词，再加动词不定式。

Eg:I am not sure which way to choose.

We wondered how many students to go there.

★疑问词+动词不定式结构，还可以在句子中作主语或表语。

Eg:How to deal with the problem is difficult to us.

The problem is how to study English well.

★疑问词+动词不定式结构，还可以改成由该疑问词引导的从句.

Eg:We don’t know how to do it.

We don’t know how we should do it.

★所有的疑问词中，只有why不可与动词不定式连用。

动词不定式 专练

1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.
　　A. don’t 　　 B. not　　 C. will not　　 D. not to
    2. Our master often told us _______ things for granted.
　　A. not to have 　 B. not to take   C. didn’t take 　D. not to make
    3. Tell him _______ the window.
　　A. to shut not 　B. not to shut 　C. to not shut 　 D. not shut
    4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.
 　　A. not to 　　B. not to do 　　C. not do it 　　D. do not to
    5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.
　　A. never to drive　　　　B. to never drive
　　C. never driving　　　　 D. never drive
　　6. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
　　A. to eat not　　 B. eating not 　　C. not to eat　　 D. not eating
　　7. The workers want us ________ together with them.
　　A. work　　 B. working 　　C. to work　　 D. worked
　　8. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.
　　A. to risk going 　 B. risking to go   C. for risk to go　　 D. risk going
　　9. I saw him _______ out of the room.
　　A. go 　　B. had gone 　　C. has gone 　　D. goes
　　10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.
　　A. grow　　 B. grew 　　C. was growing 　　D. to grow
　　11. I’ve heard him _______ about you often.
　　A. spoke　　 B. speaks 　　C. speak
　　12. Though he had often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by his little sister.
　　A. cry；to cry　　B. crying；crying   C. cry；cry　　　D. to cry；cry
　　13. He was made _________.
　　A. go 　　B. gone 　　C. going 　　D. to go
　　14. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
　　A. to wash　　 B. washing 　　C. wash　　 D. to be washing
　　15. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
　　A. learn　　 B. to learn 　　C. learned　　 D. learning
　　16. There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind _____ to buy.
　　A. what 　　B. which 　　C. how 　　D. where
　　17. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.
　　A. where to choose　　　　 B. which to choose
　　C. to choose what 　　　　 D. to choose which
　　18. “ Have you decided when ________?”  “ Yes, tomorrow morning.”
　　A. to leave　　　　B. to be leaving  C. will you leave　 D. are you leaving
　　19. Last summer I took a course on ________.
　　A. how to make dresses　　　　　　B. how dresses be made
　　C. how to be made dresses　　　　 D. how dresses to be made
　　20. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.
　　A. whether 　　B. if 　　C. either　　 D. if he will
　　21. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.
　　A. not to see　　B. not seeing   C. to not see　　　　 D. having not seen
　　22. — The light in the office is still on.    — Oh, I forgot _______.
　　A. turning it off　　　　 B. turn it off
　　C. to turn it off 　　　　D. having turned it off
　　23. We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
　　A. having met 　　B. meeting 　　C. to meet　　 D. to have met
　　24. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.
　　A. to be taken　　 B. to take 　　C. being taken　　 D. taking
　　25. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
　　A. to go 　　B. to have gone 　　C. going 　　D. having gone
　　26. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.
　　A. make friend with 　　　　B. make friends of
　　C. make friends 　　　 　　 D. make friends with
　　27. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
　　A. to do 　　B. doing 　　C. with 　　D. to be doing
　　28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path.
　　A. to have rested　　 B. resting 　　C. to rest 　　D. rest
　　29. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
　　A. so not as to 　　　　 B. so as not to
　　C. so as to not 　　　　D. not so as to
　　30. I need a day or two ________.
　　A. to think it over　　 B. to think over 　　C. of thinking
　　31. He was too excited _________.
　　A. speak 　　B. to speak 　　C. not to speak　　 D. speaking
　　32. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
　　A. to invent　　　　　　　 B. inventing
　　C. to have invented　　　 D. having invented
　　33. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.
　　A. doing 　　B. to do 　　C. do 　　D. to be doing
　　34. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.
　　A. ride； ride 　　　　　 B. riding； ride
　　C. ride； to ride　　　　 D. to ride； riding
　　35. It’s freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat.
　　A. had better to 　　　　B. had better
　　C. would better　　　　　D. would better to
　　36. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.
　　A. sit 　　B. sit on 　　C. be sit 　　D. be sat on
　　37. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.
　　A. eat 　　B. to eat 　　C. eating 　　D. for eating
　　38. — I usually go there by train.
　　　　— Why not _______ by boat for a change?
　　A. to try going 　　　　 B. trying to go
　　C. to try and go 　　　　D. try going
　　39. She did nothing _______ at the photo.
　　A. except look　　　　　　B. but to look
　　C. except to look　　　　 D. but looking
　　40. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.
　　A. spend 　　B. spare 　　C. save 　　D. share
　　41. They won’t let their teacher _______ in that way.
　　A. to be treated　　　 B. being treated   C. treated　　　　　D. be treated
　　42. John, you must get your room ________ after breakfast.
　　A. to be cleaned　　　　 B. to clean
　　C. cleaning　　　　　　　D. cleaned
　　43. The problem _______ at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.
　　A. being discussed　　B. discussed   C. to be discussed　　　D. to discuss
　　44. He reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left.
　　A. tired； learned　　　　　　B. tiring； learning
　　C. to tire； to learn　　　　 D. tired； to learn
　　45. — Did that book give the information you needed?
　　　　— Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.
　　A. for finding it　　　　 B. to find it
　　C. finding it 　　　　　　D. by finding it
　　46. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.
　　A. to take 　　B. taking 　　C. to bring 　　D. bringing
　　47. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.
　　A. to have lunch　　　　 B. to eat
　　C. to eat at 　　　　　　D. eating at
　　48. This problem is said _____ three times.
　　A. to have been talked　　　　　 B. to have discussed
　　C. having been discussed　　　　 D. to have been talked about
　　49. Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.
　　A. be taken　　 B. taking 　　C. to take　　 D. to have taken
　　50. I prefer ____ rather than ______.