一、说明利弊型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）起程，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

1.说明事物现状

2.事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）

3.你对现状（或远景）的看法

　　nowadays many people prefer a because it has a significant role in our daily life. generally， its advantages can be seen as follows. first —————-(a的长处之一). besides ——————-（a的优点之二）.

　　but every coin has two sides. the negative aspects are also apparent. one of the important disadvantages is that —————-(a的第一个过失)．to make matters worse，——————(a的第二个缺点)．

　　through the above analysis， i believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. therefore， i would like to —————(我的意见)．

　　(from the comparison between these positive and negative effects of a， we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. only by this way， —————(对远景的预测)．)

二、解决方法型

要求考生列举出办理问题的多种途径

1.问题现状

2.怎样解决(办理方案的优缺点)

　　in recent days， we have to face i problem—–a， which is becoming more and more serious. first， ————(阐明a的现状)．second， —————(举例进一步说明现状)

　　confronted with a， we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. for one thing， —————(办理方法一). for another ————-(解决方法二). finally， ————–(解决方法三).

　　personally， i believe that ————-(我的解决方法). consequently， i’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ————–(带来的利益).

三、议论文框架

(1) 不同观点列举型（ 采用型 ）

　　there is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. but it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic

　　varies from person to person. a majority of people think that _ 观点一________. in their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude

　　as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

　　People,　however,　differ　in　their　opinions　on　this　matter.

　　Some　people　hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______.  On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there　is no doubt　that ___观点二______.

　　As far as I am concerned, I　firmly　support　the　view　that __观点一

　　或二______.　It　is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more

　　_______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

　　Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive

　　aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______.  And secondly ___优点二_____.

　　Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To

　　begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition,  ____缺点二______.

　　To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same

　　time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

 ( 3 ) 答题性议论文

　　Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

　As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this　problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving  problem is ___途径二_____.

　　Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am  concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say,

　　____方法_____.

( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文

　　It is well know to us that the proverb: ” ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also  in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as  follows. ( also theoretically )

　　A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance   to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

　　With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an　increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use  to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying,　　the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

四、图表作文框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goes up/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

　　There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______. On　the　one　hand, ________. On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　due　to　the　fact　that ________.　In　addition, ________ is　responsible　for _______.　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　to　show ________.　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　 are　commonly convincing.

　　As　far　as　I　am　concerned,　I hold the point of view that _______. I　am　sure　my　opinion　is　both　sound　and　well-grounded.

五、现象说明文框架

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________, it is true that__________.

　　There are many reasons explaining__________________________. The main reason is____________________.

what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.

　　Considering all there,________________________. For one thing_____________________, for another________　____.In Conclusion____________________.

六、一种事物或现象（负面）

关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。

给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A…

A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。

认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡） 。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏 了人类生存的法则和空间。

事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部 分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们， 跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。

而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。

七、说明原因型

Currently, XX has been the order of the day .This does demonstrate ，the theory — nothing is more valuable than XX .It is clear that ( 　　1 　　). If you ( 　　　　2 　　　　), as a result ,your dreams will come true . On the contrary, if you ( 　3　　　　　).Failure will be following　with you .It turns out that all your plan falls through .　No one can deny another fact that ( 　　4　　　　　) .You don’t have to　look　very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know (　　5　　　) .It will exert a profound influence upon ( 　　6　　　).With reference to my standpoint ,I think ( 　　7　　　　　).

1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

　　 1．有一些人认为…… 2．另一些人认为……3．我的看法…… 

　　 The topic of ①—————–（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is heir favorite. They hold their view for the reason of②—————–（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③————-理由二). Moreover,④—————(理由三).

　　 While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,—————–(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥——————（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦——————(理由三).

　　 From my point of view, I think ⑧—————-（我的观点）. The reason is that⑨——————–(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .

2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

　　 Some people believe that ①—————-（观点一）. For example, they think②—————–（举例说明）．And it will bring them③—————–(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④————-(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing,⑤—————–(反对的理由之二)． Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that⑥——————(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．

八、应用文

（1）英语书信的常见写作模板

开头部分：

How nice to hear from you again.

Let me tell you something about the activity.

I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.

I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.

I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分：

With best wishes.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

（2）口头通知常见写作模板

开场白部分：

Ladies and gentlemen， May I have your attention， please? I have an announcement to make.

正文部分：

All the teachers and students are required to attend it.

Please take your notebooks and make notes.

Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.

Please come on time and don’t be late.

结束语部分：

Please come and join in it.

Everybody is welcome to attend it.

I hope you’ll have a nice time here.

That’s all. Thank you.